Efi Bootloader Linux



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  1. Efi Bootloader For Windows
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Clover EFI Bootloader can boot OS X, Windows, and Linux on Mac or PC with UEFI or BIOS firmware. Boot OS X, Windows, and Linux in UEFI or legacy mode on Mac or PC with UEFI or BIOS firmware; Boot using UEFI firmware directly or CloverEFI UEFI firmware emulation. Booting without a bootloader: the EFI boot stub As expected, the linux kernel obviously does not use the gnu-efi library. The idea behind the EFI boot stub is to fake the previously seen bzImage as a valid efi application. This means setting up a MZ+PE header and all kinds of sneaky, sneaky stuff. The EFI boot stub became available as of linux 3.3. 'Clover EFI is a boot loader developed to boot OS X (Hackintoshes), Windows and Linux in legacy or UEFI mode. The main advantages of Clover are: Emulate UEFI on legacy BIOS systems Boot Linux kernels with EFISTUB support Supports native resolution GUI on wide screens people commonly use today Easy of use Easily customizable' Source: wiki.

The EFI system partition (also called ESP) is an OS independent partition that acts as the storage place for the EFI bootloaders, applications and drivers to be launched by the UEFI firmware. It is mandatory for UEFI boot.

This article or section is a candidate for moving to Unified Extensible Firmware Interface#UEFI drivers.

Notes: Drivers for non-FAT file systems are out of scope of this article. (Discuss in Talk:EFI system partition#)

The UEFI specification mandates support for the FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 file systems (see UEFI specification version 2.8, section 13.3.1.1), but any conformant vendor can optionally add support for additional file systems; for example, the firmware in Apple Macs supports the HFS+ file system.

Check for an existing partition

If you are installing Arch Linux on an UEFI-capable computer with an installed operating system, like Windows 10 for example, it is very likely that you already have an EFI system partition.

To find out the disk partition scheme and the system partition, use fdisk as root on the disk you want to boot from:

The command returns:

  • The disk's partition table: it indicates Disklabel type: gpt if the partition table is GPT or Disklabel type: dos if it is MBR.
  • The list of partitions on the disk: Look for the EFI system partition in the list, it is usually at least 100 MiB in size and has the type EFI System or EFI (FAT-12/16/32). To confirm this is the ESP, mount it and check whether it contains a directory named EFI, if it does this is definitely the ESP.
Tip: To find out whether it is a FAT12, FAT16 or FAT32 file system, follow FAT#Detecting FAT type.
Warning: When dual-booting, avoid reformatting the ESP, as it may contain files required to boot other operating systems.

If you found an existing EFI system partition, simply proceed to #Mount the partition. If you did not find one, you will need to create it, proceed to #Create the partition.

Create the partition

The following two sections show how to create an EFI system partition (ESP).

Warning: The EFI system partition must be a physical partition in the main partition table of the disk, not under LVM or software RAID etc.
Note: It is recommended to use GPT since some firmwares might not support UEFI/MBR booting due to it not being supported by Windows Setup. See also Partitioning#Choosing between GPT and MBR for the advantages of GPT in general.

To provide adequate space for storing boot loaders and other files required for booting, and to prevent interoperability issues with other operating systems[1][2] the partition should be at least 260 MiB. For early and/or buggy UEFI implementations the size of at least 512 MiB might be needed.[3]

GPT partitioned disks

EFI system partition on a GUID Partition Table is identified by the partition type GUIDC12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B.

Choose one of the following methods to create an ESP for a GPT partitioned disk:

  • fdisk: Create a partition with partition type EFI System.
  • gdisk: Create a partition with partition type EF00.
  • GNU Parted: Create a partition with fat32 as the file system type and set the esp flag on it.

Proceed to #Format the partition section below.

MBR partitioned disks

EFI system partition on a Master Boot Record partition table is identified by the partition type IDEF.

Choose one of the following methods to create an ESP for a MBR partitioned disk:

  • fdisk: Create a primary partition with partition type EFI (FAT-12/16/32).
  • GNU Parted: Create a primary partition with fat32 as the file system type and set the esp flag on it.

Proceed to #Format the partition section below.

Format the partition

The UEFI specification mandates support for the FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 file systems[4]. To prevent potential issues with other operating systems and also since the UEFI specification only mandates supporting FAT16 and FAT12 on removable media[5], it is recommended to use FAT32.

After creating the partition, format it as FAT32. To use the mkfs.fat utility, installdosfstools.

If you get the message WARNING: Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT!, reduce cluster size with mkfs.fat -s2 -F32 ... or -s1; otherwise the partition may be unreadable by UEFI. See mkfs.fat(8) for supported cluster sizes.

Mount the partition

The kernels, initramfs files, and, in most cases, the processor's microcode, need to be accessible by the boot loader or UEFI itself to successfully boot the system. Thus if you want to keep the setup simple, your boot loader choice limits the available mount points for EFI system partition.

Efi Bootloader For Windows

Typical mount points

The simplest scenarios for mounting EFI system partition are:

  • mount ESP to /efi and use a boot loader which is capable of accessing the kernel(s) and initramfs image(s) that are stored elsewhere (typically /boot). See Arch boot process#Boot loader for more information on boot loader requirements and capabilities.
  • mount ESP to /boot. This is the preferred method when directly booting an EFISTUB kernel from UEFI or booting it via a boot manager like systemd-boot.
Tip:
  • /efi is a replacement[6] for the previously popular (and possibly still used by other Linux distributions) ESP mountpoint /boot/efi.
  • The /efi directory is not available by default, you will need to first create it with mkdir(1) before mounting the ESP to it.

Alternative mount points

If you do not use one of the simple methods from #Typical mount points, you will need to copy your boot files to ESP (referred to hereafter as esp).

Note: You may also need to copy the Microcode to the boot-entry location.

Furthermore, you will need to keep the files on the ESP up-to-date with later kernel updates. Failure to do so could result in an unbootable system. The following sections discuss several mechanisms for automating it.

Note: If ESP is not mounted to /boot, make sure to not rely on the systemd automount mechanism (including that of systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8)). Always have it mounted manually prior to any system or kernel update, otherwise you may not be able to mount it after the update, locking you in the currently running kernel with no ability to update the copy of kernel on ESP.

Alternatively preload the required kernel modules on boot, e.g.:

Using bind mount

Instead of mounting the ESP itself to /boot, you can mount a directory of the ESP to /boot using a bind mount (see mount(8)). This allows pacman to update the kernel directly while keeping the ESP organized to your liking.

Note: This requires a kernel and bootloader compatible with FAT32. This is not an issue for a regular Arch install, but could be problematic for other distributions (namely those that require symlinks in /boot/). See the forum post [7].

Just like in #Alternative mount points, copy all boot files to a directory on your ESP, but mount the ESP outside/boot. Then bind mount the directory:

After verifying success, edit your Fstab to make the changes persistent:

Using systemd

Systemd features event triggered tasks. In this particular case, the ability to detect a change in path is used to sync the EFISTUB kernel and initramfs files when they are updated in /boot/. The file watched for changes is initramfs-linux-fallback.img since this is the last file built by mkinitcpio, to make sure all files have been built before starting the copy. The systemd path and service files to be created are:

Then enable and startefistub-update.path.

Tip: For Secure Boot with your own keys, you can set up the service to also sign the image using sbsigntools:

Using filesystem events

Filesystem events can be used to run a script syncing the EFISTUB Kernel after kernel updates. An example with incron follows.

Note: The first parameter /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img is the file to watch. The second parameter IN_CLOSE_WRITE is the action to watch for. The third parameter /usr/local/bin/efistub-update is the script to execute.

In order to use this method, enable the incrond.service.

Using mkinitcpio hook

Mkinitcpio can generate a hook that does not need a system level daemon to function. It spawns a background process which waits for the generation of vmlinuz, initramfs-linux.img, and initramfs-linux-fallback.img before copying the files.

Add efistub-update to the list of hooks in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf.

Using mkinitcpio preset

As the presets in /etc/mkinitcpio.d/ support shell scripting, the kernel and initramfs can be copied by just editing the presets.

Replacing the above mkinitcpio hook

Edit the file /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset:

To test that, just run:

Another example

Using pacman hook

A last option relies on the pacman hooks that are run at the end of the transaction.

The first file is a hook that monitors the relevant files, and it is run if they were modified in the former transaction.

Bootloader

The second file is the script itself. Create the file and make it executable:

Troubleshooting

ESP on software RAID1

Efi Bootloader Iso

It is possible to make the ESP part of a RAID1 array, but doing so brings the risk of data corruption, and further considerations need to be taken when creating the ESP. See [8] and [9] for details and UEFI booting and RAID1 for an in-depth guide with a solution.

The key part is to use --metadata 1.0 in order to keep the RAID metadata at the end of the partition, otherwise the firmware will not be able to access it:

Firmware does not see the EFI directory

If you give the file system a volume name (with the -n option), be sure to name it something other than 'EFI'. That can trigger a bug in some firmwares (due to the volume name matching the EFI directory name) that will cause the firmware to act like the EFI directory does not exist.

See also

Retrieved from 'https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=EFI_system_partition&oldid=649987'
Clover Bootloader supports booting EFI files. This article will guide how to boot Ubuntu and Linux Mint ISO from Clover Bootloader.

Overview: Clover Bootloader supports booting EFI files, in this article, I will add the Grub2 EFI file (grubx64.efi) to Clover Bootloader. Then I will configure Grub2 to boot Ubuntu and Linux Mint directly from the ISO file without having to select the menu. In addition, I will guide how to configure Grub2 to boot the operating system installed on your drive. This way, you can dual boot Hackintosh, Windows, Ubuntu and many other Linux operating systems from Clover. First, install Clover Bootloader if you have not already.

Add Grub2 to Clover Bootloader

AIO Boot users will see two Grub2 icons and rEFInd to boot them from Clover. Here’s how I did it.

You can add Grub2 to Clover Bootloader by modifying its configuration file (EFICLOVERconfig.plist). Open the config.plist file and look for the following lines:

Remove the # sign in the following lines if it contains:

Add Grub2 to Clover Bootloader by adding the following lines below the lines shown above:

Add rEFInd to Clover Bootloader, rEFInd automatically detects Clover but Clover does not. To install rEFInd, just download the refind-bin-xx.YY.zz.zip file and extract the refind directory to the EFI directory on your drive. Place the refind directory peer to the CLOVER directory and in this directory contains the refind_x64.efi, refind_ia32.efi, and refind_aa64.efi files.

By adding such entries, you can add a lot of EFI files without having to enter its path in the UEFI Shell.

  • See more about Custom Entries at Clover Wiki.
  • Clover Bootloader has the ability to emulate UEFI, you can boot EFI files even if you are using Clover Legacy.
  • Correct your EFI file path (the value of Path).
  • You can customize the icon (the value of Image). In the entry of rEFInd, I use its icon directly at the path EFIrefindiconsos_refind.png. Maybe your Clover theme will have the icons you need.
  • You can place the files on any drive, if you want to specify a specific drive, declare the Volume key.
  • You can also add Clover Bootloader to Grub2.

Boot Ubuntu and Linux Mint from Clover

Once you’ve added Grub2 to Clover, now you just have to configure Grub2 to boot directly into Ubuntu and Linux Mint.

I have compiled a grubx64.efi file that you can download here. Clover no longer develops 32-bit versions, so here I only use Grub2 EFI 64-bit to boot the 64-bit operating system.

Next, place the file grubx64.efi in a path, which you can copy to multiple files and place each file in a separate directory. Creates a configuration file for the file grubx64.efi, which is named grub.cfg and is located in the same directory as the file grubx64.efi. Then open the grub.cfg file (included in the download) and add the code you want.

Boot Ubuntu and Linux Mint from the ISO file:

Here, I created the /EFI/UbuntuISO directory and copied all three grubx64.efi, grub.cfg and ubuntu-18.04-desktop-amd64.iso files to this folder. You can use the Grub2 code above to boot Ubuntu, Linux Mint from the ISO file, which also supports most ISO files of Ubuntu-based Linux distributions such as elementary OS… Just copy the ISO file into the path (on any drive) you want, then modify the path of the file in the above code. set timeout=0, Grub2 will automatically boot the first menu, if you have more than one menu to choose from, you can delete this line or increase its value.

Boot Manjaro from ISO file:

Debian Live:

Arch Linux 64-bit:

Here are some Grub2 scripts that help you boot Linux from an ISO file. In addition, GParted and Clonezilla are also supported, you can find more code in the menuoff directory of AIO Boot.

Efi Bootloader Linux File

Boot Ubuntu and Linux Mint installed on your hard drive

Clover Bootloader will automatically detect .efi files of operating systems installed on your hard drive including Windows, Android, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and other Linux distributions. If you know the path of this file, just add it to Clover as instructed above.

But if you install the operating system in Legacy mode, no .efi file will be created. If the operating system uses Grub2 as the bootloader, it will create a configuration file, usually located in /boot/grub/grub.cfg. You can use this Grub2 script to load the configuration file of that operating system.

44d0133a-f938-4ccd-ad06-26ba3d2bf870 is the UUID of the partition containing the file /boot/grub/grub.cfg, on Linux you can use the sudo blkid command to get this information, then replace it.

Alternatively, you can place the grubx64.efi file in the same directory as the grub.cfg file on the Linux partition. Or copy the grub.cfg file on the Linux partition to the same directory as the grubx64.efi file, but the kernel file name and code may change after each update, so the grub.cfg file should be updated.

Efi Bootloader Linux

With the simple steps above, you can boot Ubuntu from Clover, boot Linux from Clover and many other operating systems that Grub2 supports. Leave a comment below if you don’t know how to get the Grub2 code for your operating system. Good luck!